11
F
co
mme
nts
F
The FruITGrOwer • December 2016
www
.a
c
tp
ub
.
c
o.
u
k
I
n 1912 Alf
re
d Lot
h
a
r
w
e
g
e
n
er
, aG
erm
an pola
r
re
s
e
a
rcher
, g
e
op
h
ysi
c
ist and
me
t
e
o
r
ologist, p
r
opos
e
d a
c
ont
r
ov
er
sial n
ew
t
he
o
r
y a
cc
o
u
nting fo
r
t
he
c
o
m
pl
eme
nta
r
y s
h
ap
e
s of t
he
c
ontin
e
nts -
h
o
w
t
he
y
app
e
a
re
d to fit tog
e
t
her
lik
e
pa
r
ts of a jigsa
w
p
u
zzl
e
. his
‘contin
e
ntal D
r
ift’ t
he
o
r
y
w
as initially vigo
r
o
u
sly oppos
e
d,
bu
t
b
y t
he
lat
e
1950s it
w
as a
cce
pt
e
d and
h
ad d
e
v
e
lop
e
d
into t
he
t
he
o
r
y of ‘Plat
e
T
ec
toni
c
s’. T
h
is stat
e
s t
h
at t
he
ea
r
t
h
’s lit
h
osp
here
o
r
cru
st is
c
o
m
pos
e
d of s
e
v
e
n la
r
g
e
plat
e
s and n
umer
o
u
s s
m
all
er
on
e
s, t
he
re
lativ
em
ov
eme
nt of
wh
i
ch
re
s
u
lts in t
he
p
r
od
uc
tion of o
ce
ani
c
t
re
n
che
s,
m
o
u
ntain
r
ang
e
s, vol
c
ani
c
a
c
tivity,
e
a
r
t
h
q
u
ak
e
s and
ts
u
na
m
is, a
m
ongst ot
her
t
h
ings. T
he
fo
rmer
t
w
o a
c
tiviti
e
s
a
re
infinit
e
si
m
ally slo
wwh
ilst t
he
latt
er
t
hree
a
re
oft
e
n
c
atast
r
op
h
i
c
ally
r
apid.
h
um
an
be
ings a
re
inq
u
isitiv
e
, good at spotting patt
er
ns and
int
er
p
re
ting n
ew
data
b
as
e
d on p
re
vio
u
s
e
xp
er
i
e
n
ce
, so yo
u
’ll
not
be
s
ur
p
r
is
e
d to
re
ad t
h
at I
c
an s
ee
si
m
ila
r
iti
e
s
be
t
wee
n
Plat
e
T
ec
toni
c
s and
rece
nt d
e
v
e
lop
me
nts,
b
ot
hw
it
h
in o
ur
ind
u
st
r
y and t
hew
id
er
politi
c
al lands
c
ap
e
.
In t
hew
o
r
ld of
cr
op p
r
ot
ec
tion, t
he
p
r
o
ce
ss of
c
o
m
ing
tog
e
t
her
h
as
bee
n going on fo
r
a long ti
me
bu
t t
he
m
o
me
nt
um
app
e
a
r
s to
h
av
e
in
cre
as
e
d t
h
is y
e
a
r w
it
h
s
e
v
er
al
h
ig
h
-p
r
ofil
emer
g
er
s and a
c
q
u
isitions. Of
c
o
ur
s
e
,
cr
op
p
r
ot
ec
tion do
e
s not j
u
st
me
an
chem
i
c
al
c
ont
r
ols
bu
t
c
ov
er
s
t
hewh
ol
e
sp
ec
t
rum
f
r
o
m
chem
i
c
als, t
hr
o
u
g
h
b
io-
c
ont
r
ols and
p
h
ysi
c
al
c
ont
r
ol
me
as
ure
s, to
bree
ding
re
sistan
ce
into
g
erm
plas
m
u
sing in
cre
asingly sop
h
isti
c
at
e
d t
ech
niq
ue
s. T
he
pa
r
ti
c
ipants in t
he
s
emer
g
er
s
h
op
e
to d
r
iv
e
o
u
t
c
osts and
a
ch
i
e
v
e
g
re
at
er
e
ffi
c
i
e
n
c
y, i
m
p
r
ov
e
d p
r
ofits and s
u
staina
b
l
e
via
b
ility - a la
u
da
b
l
e
ai
m
fo
r
any
bu
sin
e
ss.
T
he
c
on
cer
n fo
r
t
he
re
st of
u
s is ov
er
t
he
c
on
ce
nt
r
ation of
so
much
int
e
ll
ec
t
u
al p
r
op
er
ty into so f
ew
h
ands and t
he
diffi
cu
lti
e
s fa
c
ing
br
ig
h
t yo
u
ng t
h
ings
w
it
h
nov
e
l id
e
as sta
r
ting
u
p on t
he
i
r
o
w
n against s
uch
st
r
ong and
e
nt
re
n
che
d
c
o
m
p
e
tition. T
hem
o
u
ntains fo
r
n
ew
bu
sin
e
ss
e
s a
re
g
e
tting
h
a
r
d
er
to
c
li
mb
.
T
here
a
re
c
l
e
a
r
pa
r
all
e
ls
w
it
h
in t
he
uK
h
o
r
ti
cu
lt
ure
s
ec
to
r
,
w
it
h
t
he
n
umber
of
bu
sin
e
ss
e
s g
r
o
w
ing
h
o
r
ti
cu
lt
ur
al
cr
ops
d
ec
lining, as s
m
all
er
on
e
s a
re
sold fo
r
d
e
v
e
lop
me
nt o
r
a
b
so
rbe
d into la
r
g
er
on
e
s. T
h
is
h
as long
bee
n t
he
c
as
e
fo
r
mu
s
hr
oo
m
s, v
e
g
e
ta
b
l
e
s and p
r
ot
ec
t
e
d
cr
opping (
b
ot
h
e
di
b
l
e
and o
r
na
me
ntal) and is in
cre
asingly so fo
r
f
ru
it. T
he
o
w
n
er
s
h
ip
of land is ind
ee
d
m
oving
u
nd
er
o
ur
f
ee
t.
T
he
re
tail lands
c
ap
e
h
as also
bee
n s
ub
j
ec
t to
h
ig
h
ly
dis
ru
ptiv
e
p
re
ss
ure
s in
rece
nt y
e
a
r
s. T
he
e
ur
op
e
-
b
as
e
d
h
a
r
d
dis
c
o
u
nt
er
s
h
av
e
p
u
s
he
d a
w
ay at t
he
fo
u
ndations of t
he
m
ajo
r
uK-
b
as
e
d
ch
ains,
re
s
u
lting in signifi
c
ant
w
o
bb
l
e
s fo
r
m
ost, and fo
r
t
w
o in pa
r
ti
cu
la
r
. T
he
G
r
o
cer
i
e
s cod
e
Adj
u
di
c
ato
r
h
as p
r
ov
e
d to
be
a p
er
sist
e
nt i
rre
sisti
b
l
e
fo
rce
,
d
e
spit
e
t
he
so
mewh
at ja
u
ndi
ce
d p
r
io
r
e
xp
ec
tations of
g
r
o
wer
s, and
h
as a
ch
i
e
v
e
d
we
l
c
o
me
ch
ang
e
.
T
he
o
u
t
c
o
me
s f
r
o
m
t
he
‘vol
c
ani
c
’
re
f
ere
nd
um
vot
e
in J
u
n
e
c
ontin
ue
to flo
w
in va
r
io
u
s di
rec
tions, so
me
anti
c
ipat
e
d and
ot
her
s not. T
he
s
e
is
m
i
c
s
h
ift in t
he
politi
c
al sit
u
ation in t
he
uS, and t
he
e
ff
ec
ts of t
he
n
ew
re
gi
me
’s stan
ce
on
int
er
national t
r
ad
e
and
re
lations, a
re
also
c
a
u
sing
u
n
cer
tainty -
so
me
t
h
ing t
h
at t
he
sto
c
k
m
a
r
k
e
t do
e
s not lik
e
. w
e
c
annot
affo
r
d to d
r
ift. N
e
v
er
t
he
l
e
ss, t
he
s
e
dis
ru
ptions to t
he
stat
u
s
q
u
o
w
ill
re
s
u
lt in a
bum
py
r
id
e
fo
r
q
u
it
e
a long ti
me
, no do
ub
t
w
it
hm
ajo
r
iss
ue
s a
r
ising f
r
o
m
fl
uc
t
u
ations in t
he
curre
n
c
y
m
a
r
k
e
t aff
ec
ting
bu
sin
e
ss
e
s and individ
u
als. Taking t
he
long
er
vi
ew
, t
he
glo
b
al anduK
ec
ono
m
i
e
s s
h
o
u
ld
re
gain
b
alan
ce
-
t
he
y al
w
ays do.
b
u
t
w
ill t
he
y t
h
is ti
me
?ma
r
k
e
t
ch
ang
e
s and n
ew
t
ech
nology
h
av
e
g
e
n
er
ally
bee
n f
e
a
re
d
b
y
w
o
r
k
er
s
bec
a
u
s
e
of t
he
c
ons
e
q
ue
nt
e
ff
ec
t on
em
ploy
me
nt
bu
t, alt
h
o
u
g
h
jo
b
s
h
av
e
ind
ee
d disapp
e
a
re
d,
h
isto
r
i
c
ally ot
her
s
h
av
e
a
r
is
e
n to
tak
e
t
he
i
r
pla
ce
and p
r
ovid
e
in
cre
as
e
d l
e
v
e
ls of
em
ploy
me
nt.
Again,
w
ill t
he
y t
h
is ti
me
? T
he
r
apid advan
ce
s in
r
o
b
oti
c
s, t
he
in
cre
as
e
d sop
h
isti
c
ation of a
u
to
m
ation and t
he
a
m
azing
d
e
v
e
lop
me
nt of a
r
tifi
c
ial int
e
llig
e
n
ce
, t
hre
at
e
n not j
u
st
b
l
ue
-
c
olla
r w
o
r
k
er
s
bu
t t
he
t
er
tia
r
y-
e
d
uc
at
e
d p
r
of
e
ssional
c
lass
e
s
too.
A
u
to
m
at
e
d planting,
cr
op s
c
o
u
ting, sp
r
aying, f
ee
ding,
i
rr
igating,
h
a
r
v
e
sting, g
r
ading and pa
c
king a
re
al
re
ady
e
it
her
availa
b
l
e
o
r
in d
e
v
e
lop
me
nt. T
h
os
e
bu
sin
e
ss
e
s
w
it
h
in o
ur
s
ec
to
r
t
h
at
c
an and do inv
e
st in t
he
s
e
n
ew
t
ech
nologi
e
s
w
ill
h
op
e
f
u
lly ass
ure
t
he
i
r
f
u
t
ure
,
bu
t
wh
at a
b
o
u
t t
h
os
e
t
h
at do
not
m
ak
e
s
uch
inv
e
st
me
nts - a
re
t
he
y going to
be
s
w
allo
we
d
u
p in t
he
ya
w
ning
ch
as
m
be
t
wee
n t
h
os
e
t
h
at inv
e
st in t
he
f
u
t
ure
and t
h
os
e
t
h
at don’t?
Sto
c
k
m
a
r
k
e
t t
r
ading
h
as
bee
n in
cre
asingly d
e
p
e
nd
e
nt on
algo
r
it
hm
s fo
r
y
e
a
r
s, and so
me
of t
hem
ost viol
e
nt
fl
uc
t
u
ations
h
av
e
bee
n do
w
n to so-
c
all
e
d ‘
m
a
ch
in
e
t
r
ading’.
T
he
pa
ce
of d
e
v
e
lop
me
nt is in
cre
asing and it is in
e
vita
b
l
e
t
h
at
m
any a
re
as of
w
o
r
k
w
ill
be
a
u
to
m
at
e
d
w
it
h
in t
he
n
e
xt f
ew
d
ec
ad
e
s. T
he
e
ff
ec
ts of t
h
is on t
he
disposa
b
l
e
in
c
o
me
of o
ur
cu
sto
mer
s a
re
v
er
y
h
a
r
d to p
re
di
c
t. T
herem
ay
bem
any
m
o
re
p
e
opl
e
to f
ee
d
b
y t
hem
iddl
e
of t
h
is
ce
nt
ur
y,
bu
t
w
ill t
he
y all
be
a
b
l
e
to affo
r
d
m
o
re
t
h
an t
hem
ost
b
asi
c
of n
ee
ds?w
h
o
w
ill o
ur
cu
sto
mer
s
be
?w
h
at
w
ill t
he
y
w
ant?can
we
s
u
pply
it?
T
hem
ov
eme
nt of t
ec
toni
c
plat
e
s and t
he
adaptation of t
he
b
iosp
here
to t
he
s
e
ch
ang
e
s is g
e
n
er
ally v
er
y slo
w
,
where
as
t
he
e
ff
ec
ts on individ
u
als
c
an
be
c
atast
r
op
h
i
c
ally
r
apid,
re
q
u
i
r
ing q
u
i
c
k
re
a
c
tions. As individ
u
als and sp
ec
i
e
s
mu
st
adapt to s
ur
viv
e
, so
mu
st
bu
sin
e
ss
e
s. I
h
av
e
, of n
ece
ssity,
ski
mme
d ov
er
t
he
s
ur
fa
ce
in
c
ov
er
ing as
much
g
r
o
u
nd as I
h
av
e
, and I
h
op
e
to d
r
ill d
ee
p
er
into t
hem
ost f
er
til
e
a
re
as
and add
re
ss so
me
of t
he
q
ue
stions
r
ais
e
d in it in g
re
at
er
d
e
tail in f
u
t
ure
.
◆
contin
e
ntal D
r
ift
A comment by Andrew Tinsley, Consult 80
