29
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c
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ief ing
F
ThE FrUITGrOWEr •
FEbrUAry 2017
ef
r
uitg
r
owe
r
.co.uk
All currentandpromisingnewvarieties
strawberryplants, raspberryplantsandasparagusplants
MODULE
tray
FRIGO
fresh
WB
LONGCANE
plug
MiddenPeelweg10 NL-5966RE AMERICA
T+31 (0)774648100 F31 (0)774648101
ontiaver esprciegtaStr
ss mne fir
and ses hnesFr
tyibil xi
Fle
om.c
.jannymt
www
ANCE
MTFR
ANNY J
ables teegV
-serwFlo
Fruits
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ooms
shr Mu
ja
T
y
t@jann
nymn
523 38 : +33
él
mcot.m
20
96
Predicting key growth stages for 17 grape cultivars
responses in st
r
aw
b
e
rry
topeat amendedwit
h b
ioc
h
a
r
Foliar calcium and storage quality of sweet cherries
Folia
r
calcium applications using calcium c
h
lo
r
ide
(2.4, 3.2
and 4.0
g/l) and calcium nit
r
ate
(3.4, 4.6 and 5.8
g/l) on six
occasions on leaves and f
r
uits of t
h
e sweet c
h
e
rry
va
r
iet
y
‘0900Zi
r
aat’ we
r
e used in Tu
r
kis
h
t
r
ials (
Erwerbs-Obstbau
).
ha
r
vested f
r
uitswe
r
e packed into 500gplastic
b
oxes and
sto
r
ed fo
r
fou
r
weeks at 0C and90 to95%
r
elative
h
umidit
y
.
Du
r
ing t
h
e expe
r
iment, fles
h
fi
r
mness, tit
r
ata
b
le acidit
y
value,
ph, total solu
b
le solids content
r
atio, andweig
h
t losswe
r
e
assessedweekl
y
. T
h
e
r
esults indicated t
h
at t
h
e
r
ewe
r
e positive
effects f
r
om folia
r
calcium applications on f
r
uit qualit
y
, coupled
wit
h
imp
r
oved fi
r
mness and t
h
e en
h
ancement of tit
r
ata
b
le
acidit
y
, an additional advantage fo
r
consume
r
accepta
b
ilit
y
.
It was found t
h
at lowe
r
concent
r
ations of
b
ot
h
calcium
t
r
eatmentswe
r
e not effective, wit
h
3.2g/l calcium c
h
lo
r
ide and
4.6g/l calcium nit
r
ate
b
eing advised. hig
h
e
r
concent
r
ations of
4.0g/l calcium c
h
lo
r
ide and 5.8g/l calcium nit
r
ate caused
a dec
r
ease in f
r
uit qualit
y
t
hr
oug
h
defo
r
mation on t
h
e f
r
uit
su
r
faces, especiall
y
afte
r
t
h
e t
h
i
r
dweek of sto
r
age.
Weat
h
e
r
conditions
h
ave a significant impact on c
r
ops, and
tempe
r
atu
r
e is one of t
h
emain facto
r
s cont
r
ollingplant
development. T
h
e
r
mal timemodels
b
ased on tempe
r
atu
r
e
h
ave
b
een applied top
r
edict t
h
e development of man
y
species,
b
ut an app
r
op
r
iate
b
ase tempe
r
atu
r
e (T
b
) is
r
equi
r
ed
to c
h
a
r
acte
r
ize t
h
e diffe
r
ences
b
etween developmental stages
and cultiva
r
s. Scientists in t
h
eUSA, f
r
omWas
h
ingtonState
Unive
r
sit
y
, Texas A&MUnive
r
sit
y
, andUnive
r
sit
y
of Flo
r
ida, set
out todete
r
mine t
h
e unique T
b
anddeg
r
ee-da
y
s (DD) to
p
r
edict
b
ud-
br
eak,
b
loom and ve
r
aison fo
r
17g
r
ape cultiva
r
s
(
American Journal of Enology andViticulture
).
Usingdata collectedove
r
23
y
ea
r
s inP
r
osse
r
,Was
h
ington
State it was found t
h
at T
b
inc
r
eased t
hr
oug
h
out g
r
apevine
development and
r
anged f
r
om6.1C to 8.4C fo
r b
ud-
br
eak,
f
r
om 7.2C to 10.5C fo
r b
loom, and f
r
om 9.4C to 12.8C fo
r
ve
r
aison. Sta
r
tingDD accumulation on 1 Janua
ry
and using t
h
e
T
b
s estimated fo
r
eac
h
cultiva
r
, t
h
e du
r
ation to
b
ud-
br
eak
r
anged f
r
om78 to180DD, f
r
om
b
ud-
br
eak to
b
loom
r
anged
f
r
om 240 to372DD, and f
r
om
b
loom to ve
r
aison
r
anged f
r
om
556 to 800DD. E
rr
o
r
s in p
r
ediction va
r
ied
b
etween 4.8 and7.8
da
y
s to
b
ud-
br
eak,
b
etween 1.9 and5.5da
y
s to
b
loom, and
b
etween 7.1 and12.4da
y
s to ve
r
aison. based on t
h
e e
rr
o
r
s in
p
r
ediction, models t
h
at used an estimatedT
b
specific fo
r
a
p
h
enological stage pe
r
fo
r
med
b
ette
r
t
h
anmodels t
h
at
h
ad a
fixed T
b
of 0C and 10C. T
h
e estimated t
h
e
r
mal time
pa
r
amete
r
s p
r
ovide a simple app
r
oac
h
fo
r
c
h
a
r
acte
r
izing
diffe
r
ences among cultiva
r
s and assistingg
r
owe
r
swit
h
simple
decision suppo
r
t tools fo
r
management p
r
actices.
bioc
h
a
r
, f
r
om
b
iomass p
yr
ol
y
sis, ma
y
p
r
ovide a
b
eneficial
soil amendment in c
r
opp
r
oduction. T
h
e Institute of
Ag
r
icultu
r
al and Fis
h
e
r
iesresea
r
c
h
(ILVO), G
h
ent Unive
r
sit
y
,
belgium, studied t
h
e effect of
b
ioc
h
a
r
on soil and su
b
st
r
ate
p
hy
sicoc
h
emical p
r
ope
r
ties, plant-g
r
owt
h
, disease-
suscepti
b
ilit
y
and
rh
izosp
h
e
r
e-mic
r
o
b
iolog
y
in st
r
aw
b
e
rr
ies
g
r
own inw
h
ite peat (
AppliedSoil Ecology
).
T
h
e addition of 3%
b
ioc
h
a
r
topeat
r
esulted in a
h
ig
h
e
r
f
r
es
h
andd
ry
plant weig
h
t, a lowe
r
suscepti
b
ilit
y
to t
h
e
fungal pat
h
ogenbot
ry
tis cine
r
ea on
b
ot
h
leaves and f
r
uits,
and c
h
anges in t
h
e
rh
izosp
h
e
r
emic
r
o
b
iolog
y
, It led to an
inc
r
ease in
b
acte
r
ial dive
r
sit
y
and a s
h
ift in t
h
e composition
of t
h
e
rh
izosp
h
e
r
emic
r
o
b
iota. Ext
r
a ino
r
ganic plant nut
r
ition
and lime added to t
h
e peat
r
educed t
h
ese effects of
b
ioc
h
a
r
on t
h
e st
r
aw
b
e
rry
plants. In ce
r
tain plant-g
r
owt
h
media,
b
ioc
h
a
r
amendment can
r
esult in c
h
emical c
h
anges
t
h
at inducemultiple
r
esponses in t
h
e plant, including s
h
ifts
in t
h
e
rh
izosp
h
e
r
emic
r
o
b
iome. bioc
h
a
r
can
b
e
b
eneficial
fo
r
plant g
r
owt
h
, especiall
y
in conditions of limited nut
r
ient
availa
b
ilit
y
.
