17
F
BIFGA Tec
h
nical Day
F
tec
h
niques and tec
h
nologies a
r
e t
h
e
r
efo
r
e being explo
r
ed,
including gene tec
h
nology, X-
r
ays, and injections. he said:
“We a
r
e looking at aw
h
ole system app
r
oac
h
to cont
r
ol
canke
r
.”
One suc
h
p
r
oject,
r
evealedrobe
r
t, is being ledby scientist
AntonioGomezCo
r
tece
r
o, w
h
o is “wo
r
king
h
a
r
d on getting
t
h
e fi
r
st Neonect
r
ia genome. he’s analysing it and looking at
h
ow it inte
r
actswit
h
t
h
e
h
ost genome. Genetic info
r
mation
about t
h
e
h
ost andpat
h
ogen allows us to see
h
ow t
h
ey
inte
r
act at amolecula
r
level.” he
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted t
h
at, in futu
r
e,
t
h
is info
r
mation could fit into genetic-ma
r
ke
r
-assisted
b
r
eeding, w
h
e
r
e desi
r
able t
r
aits suc
h
as disease
r
esistance
can be selectedbased on ama
r
ke
r
linked to t
h
at t
r
ait.
G
r
owe
r
AlanSmit
h
, of Loddington Fa
r
m, nea
r
Maidstone,
Kent, noted t
h
at GoldenDelicious is t
h
e p
r
ogeny of many
canke
r
-susceptible cultiva
r
s, suc
h
asGala. he que
r
ied
w
h
et
h
e
r
canke
r
susceptibility
h
as somet
h
ing todowit
h
an
apple t
r
ee’s pa
r
ent va
r
ieties. robe
r
t
r
eplied t
h
at t
h
is so
r
t of
que
r
y is “exactlyw
h
ywe need to unde
r
stand t
h
e genomes of
t
h
e
h
ost and t
h
e pat
h
ogen – so t
h
at we can developma
r
ke
r
-
assisted selection so t
h
at we can select fo
r
all t
h
ese t
r
aits to
make su
r
e t
h
at we c
h
oose t
h
e daug
h
te
r
o
r
t
h
e son t
h
at
h
as
got t
h
e best complement.” he ponde
r
ed: “Aswe a
r
e going
towa
r
ds inc
r
easingly susceptible va
r
ieties, is t
h
e
r
e a link
between an undesi
r
able t
r
ait suc
h
as canke
r
susceptibility
and a desi
r
able t
r
ait suc
h
as c
r
ispiness and g
r
owt
h
h
abit?
A
r
ewe inadve
r
tently b
r
eeding fo
r
canke
r
susceptible
va
r
ieties?”
robe
r
t also noted t
h
at scientists a
r
e using
h
ype
r
spect
r
al
imaging tec
h
nology - like an X-
r
ay. he
r
evealed t
h
at a
p
r
elimina
r
y study
h
as s
h
own t
h
at canke
r
couldbe seen by
t
h
is special came
r
a in detac
h
ed apple stems 18days afte
r
t
h
ey
h
adbeen inoculated. he explained t
h
at t
h
ismeans t
h
at
“We couldpotentially distinguis
h
between t
h
e diseased state
and t
h
e non-diseased state befo
r
e it’s visible to t
h
e
h
uman
eye.”
W
h
ilst futu
r
e tec
h
nologies could enable g
r
owe
r
s to ‘X-
r
ay’
fo
r
canke
r
, t
h
ey could also include t
h
e use of a p
r
eventative
t
r
eatment akin top
r
obiotics, w
h
ic
h
h
elp imp
r
ove ou
r
gut
mic
r
obiome. T
h
is is because scientists a
r
e examining t
h
e
r
ole
t
h
at endop
h
ytes play in t
h
e development of canke
r
in apple.
robe
r
t desc
r
ibed endop
h
ytes as being “mic
r
o-o
r
ganisms
t
h
at livewit
h
in t
h
e plant tissuewit
h
out causing appa
r
ent
disease symptoms.” he desc
r
ibed a piece of
r
esea
r
c
h
t
h
at is
dete
r
mining t
h
e endop
h
ytic p
r
ofile of fou
r
diffe
r
ent genotypes
(GoldenDelicious, B
r
aebu
r
n, Gala, andG
r
enadie
r
) wit
h
va
r
ying canke
r
r
esistance. resea
r
c
h
e
r
swill be investigating
w
h
et
h
e
r
t
h
is p
r
ofile can t
h
en bemanipulated to imp
r
ove t
r
ee
h
ealt
h
. he said: “T
h
e
r
e’s t
h
e potential todevelopbiological
cont
r
ol agents, t
h
at we could int
r
oduce toplants, suc
h
as in
t
h
e p
r
oduction stage, aswe useYakult to imp
r
ove ou
r
gut
mic
r
oflo
r
a.”
◆
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r
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